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Surveys

Special Questions

Texas Business Outlook Surveys
January 29, 2024

Special Questions

For this month’s survey, Texas business executives were asked supplemental questions on the labor market. Results below include responses from participants of all three surveys: Texas Manufacturing Outlook Survey, Texas Service Sector Outlook Survey and Texas Retail Outlook Survey.

Texas Business Outlook Surveys

Data were collected January 16–24, and 372 Texas business executives responded to the surveys.

1. Are you currently trying to hire workers?

Jan. '22
(percent)
Apr. '22
(percent)
Jul. '22
(percent)
Oct. '22
(percent)
Jan. '23
(percent)
Jul. '23
(percent)
Jan. '24
(percent)
Yes 68.4 65.9 61.6 56.2 49.9 52.2 47.9
No 31.6 34.1 38.4 43.8 50.1 47.8 52.1

NOTE: 365 responses.

1a. Are there any impediments to hiring workers? Please select all that apply.
Jan. '22
(percent)
Apr. '22
(percent)
Jul. '22
(percent)
Oct. '22
(percent)
Jan. '23
(percent)
Jul. '23
(percent)
Jan. '24
(percent)
Lack of available applicants/no applicants 73.3 76.0 74.1 69.4 69.9 55.1 49.1
Lack of technical competencies (hard skills)  43.0 40.8 41.4 44.7 50.5 48.1 45.7
Applicants looking for more pay than is offered 53.4 51.9 52.3 54.9 51.0 54.6 43.4
Lack of experience  32.7 38.6 36.8 37.0 42.7 44.3 30.6
Lack of workplace competencies (soft skills)  30.7 33.9 26.4 29.4 34.0 27.6 23.1
Inability to pass drug test and/or background check 17.5 16.3 21.8 18.3 22.3 18.4 18.5
Applicants seeking more remote work options than offered 18.5
Other 4.8 7.3 3.6 7.2 4.9 3.8 5.2
None 2.4 5.2 7.3 3.8 3.9 5.4 12.1

NOTES: 173 responses. This question was only posed to those currently trying to hire workers. “Applicants seeking more remote work options than offered" was added in January 2024.

2. How has the availability of applicants changed over the past month?

Jan. '22
(percent)
Apr. '22
(percent)
Jul. '22
(percent)
Oct. '22
(percent)
Jan. '23
(percent)
Jul. '23
(percent)
Jan. '24
(percent)
Improved significantly 1.6 0.6 1.2 0.0 0.7 4.2 3.4
Improved slightly 12.5 20.5 23.3 23.3 28.7 23.0 22.6
No change 40.8 48.9 44.2 54.0 55.2 61.9 65.5
Worsened slightly 35.9 25.6 25.2 17.2 11.2 9.5 7.6
Worsened significantly 9.2 4.5 6.1 5.5 4.2 1.4 0.8

NOTE: 354 responses.

3. How has your ability to retain workers changed over the past month?

Jan. '24
(percent)
Improved significantly 3.6
Improved slightly 24.0
No change 65.7
Worsened slightly 5.8
Worsened significantly 0.8

NOTE: 362 responses.

Survey respondents were given the opportunity to also provide comments, which can be found in the Comments tab above.

Texas Manufacturing Outlook Survey

Data were collected January 16–24 and 90 Texas manufacturers responded to the survey.

1. Are you currently trying to hire workers?

Jan. '22
(percent)
Apr. '22
(percent)
Jul. '22
(percent)
Oct. '22
(percent)
Jan. '23
(percent)
Jul. '23
(percent)
Jan. '24
(percent)
Yes 83.0 73.9 65.5 56.4 52.0 55.4 46.1
No 17.0 26.1 34.5 43.6 48.0 44.6 53.9

NOTE: 89 responses.

1a. Are there any impediments to hiring workers? Please select all that apply.
Jan. '22
(percent)
Apr. '22
(percent)
Jul. '22
(percent)
Oct. '22
(percent)
Jan. '23
(percent)
Jul. '23
(percent)
Jan. '24
(percent)
Lack of technical competencies (hard skills)  52.6 60.3 56.4 52.8 69.2 60.9 63.4
Lack of available applicants/no applicants 71.8 83.8 83.6 64.2 69.2 56.5 53.7
Lack of experience  32.1 44.1 43.6 41.5 50.0 56.5 39.0
Applicants looking for more pay than is offered 57.7 44.1 58.2 60.4 44.2 45.7 31.7
Lack of workplace competencies (soft skills)  38.5 45.6 40.0 32.1 46.2 30.4 29.3
Inability to pass drug test and/or background check 26.9 20.6 27.3 24.5 40.4 23.9 19.5
Applicants seeking more remote work options than offered 12.2
Other 2.6 4.4 0.0 3.8 1.9 0.0 2.4
None 2.6 5.9 5.5 3.8 1.9 4.3 9.8

NOTES: 41 responses. This question was only posed to those currently trying to hire workers. “Applicants seeking more remote work options than offered" was added in January 2024.

2. How has the availability of applicants changed over the past month?

Jan. '22
(percent)
Apr. '22
(percent)
Jul. '22
(percent)
Oct. '22
(percent)
Jan. '23
(percent)
Jul. '23
(percent)
Jan. '24
(percent)
Improved significantly 1.8 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.9 3.4
Improved slightly 12.5 15.8 21.7 29.4 22.9 22.2 25.0
No change 44.6 45.6 41.3 50.0 60.0 65.4 64.8
Worsened slightly 28.6 35.1 28.3 17.6 11.4 7.4 4.5
Worsened significantly 12.5 1.8 8.7 2.9 5.7 0.0 2.3

NOTE: 88 responses.

3. How has your ability to retain workers changed over the past month?

Jan. '24
(percent)
Improved significantly 7.9
Improved slightly 24.7
No change 59.6
Worsened slightly 6.7
Worsened significantly 1.1

NOTE: 89 responses.

Texas Service Sector Outlook Survey

Data were collected January 16–24 and 282 Texas business executives responded to the survey.

1. Are you currently trying to hire workers?

Jan. '22
(percent)
Apr. '22
(percent)
Jul. '22
(percent)
Oct. '22
(percent)
Jan. '23
(percent)
Jul. '23
(percent)
Jan. '24
(percent)
Yes 63.4 63.1 60.4 56.2 49.2 51.3 48.6
No 36.6 36.9 39.6 43.8 50.8 48.7 51.4

NOTE: 276 responses.

1a. Are there any impediments to hiring workers? Please select all that apply.
Jan. '22
(percent)
Apr. '22
(percent)
Jul. '22
(percent)
Oct. '22
(percent)
Jan. '23
(percent)
Jul. '23
(percent)
Jan. '24
(percent)
Lack of available applicants/no applicants 74.0 72.7 70.9 70.9 70.1 54.7 47.7
Applicants looking for more pay than is offered 51.4 55.2 50.3 53.3 53.2 57.6 47.0
Lack of technical competencies (hard skills)  38.7 32.7 36.4 42.3 44.2 43.9 40.2
Lack of experience  32.9 36.4 34.5 35.7 40.3 40.3 28.0
Lack of workplace competencies (soft skills)  27.2 29.1 21.8 28.6 29.9 26.6 21.2
Applicants seeking more remote work options than offered 20.5
Inability to pass drug test and/or background check 13.3 14.5 20.0 16.5 16.2 16.5 18.2
Other 5.8 8.5 4.8 8.2 5.8 5.0 6.1
None 2.3 4.8 7.9 3.8 4.5 5.8 12.9

NOTES: 132 responses. This question was only posed to those currently trying to hire workers. “Applicants seeking more remote work options than offered" was added in January 2024.

2. How has the availability of applicants changed over the past month?

Jan. '22
(percent)
Apr. '22
(percent)
Jul. '22
(percent)
Oct. '22
(percent)
Jan. '23
(percent)
Jul. '23
(percent)
Jan. '24
(percent)
Improved significantly 1.6 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.9 4.0 3.4
Improved slightly 12.5 22.7 23.9 21.7 30.6 23.2 21.8
No change 39.1 50.4 45.3 55.0 53.7 60.9 65.8
Worsened slightly 39.1 21.0 23.9 17.1 11.1 10.1 8.6
Worsened significantly 7.8 5.9 5.1 6.2 3.7 1.8 0.4

NOTE: 266 responses.

3. How has your ability to retain workers changed over the past month?

Jan. '24
(percent)
Improved significantly 2.2
Improved slightly 23.8
No change 67.8
Worsened slightly 5.5
Worsened significantly 0.7

NOTE: 273 responses.

Texas Retail Outlook Survey

Data were collected January 16–24 and 58 Texas retailers responded to the survey.

1. Are you currently trying to hire workers?

Jan. '22
(percent)
Apr. '22
(percent)
Jul. '22
(percent)
Oct. '22
(percent)
Jan. '23
(percent)
Jul. '23
(percent)
Jan. '24
(percent)
Yes 68.2 68.9 64.3 57.6 48.6 57.1 46.4
No 31.8 31.1 35.7 42.4 51.4 42.9 53.6

NOTE: 56 responses.

1a. Are there any impediments to hiring workers? Please select all that apply.
Jan. '22
(percent)
Apr. '22
(percent)
Jul. '22
(percent)
Oct. '22
(percent)
Jan. '23
(percent)
Jul. '23
(percent)
Jan. '24
(percent)
Lack of available applicants/no applicants 80.0 77.4 86.1 78.9 79.4 62.5 57.7
Lack of technical competencies (hard skills)  50.0 41.9 50.0 36.8 55.9 46.9 42.3
Applicants looking for more pay than is offered 40.0 45.2 38.9 42.1 50.0 43.8 38.5
Inability to pass drug test and/or background check 30.0 16.1 27.8 28.9 26.5 28.1 38.5
Lack of workplace competencies (soft skills)  40.0 25.8 25.0 21.1 32.4 40.6 30.8
Lack of experience  36.7 29.0 27.8 23.7 41.2 31.3 26.9
Applicants seeking more remote work options than offered 11.5
Other 0.0 3.2 2.8 2.6 2.9 9.4 3.8
None 0.0 6.5 0.0 2.6 0.0 6.3 11.5

NOTES: 26 responses. This question was only posed to those currently trying to hire workers. “Applicants seeking more remote work options than offered" was added in January 2024.

2. How has the availability of applicants changed over the past month?

Jan. '22
(percent)
Apr. '22
(percent)
Jul. '22
(percent)
Oct. '22
(percent)
Jan. '23
(percent)
Jul. '23
(percent)
Jan. '24
(percent)
Improved significantly 8.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 0.0
Improved slightly 16.7 16.7 19.4 23.3 25.9 19.6 18.5
No change 37.5 75.0 48.4 53.3 51.9 62.5 68.5
Worsened slightly 37.5 8.3 25.8 16.7 18.5 16.1 11.1
Worsened significantly 0.0 0.0 6.5 6.7 3.7 0.0 1.9

NOTE: 54 responses.

3. How has your ability to retain workers changed over the past month?

Jan. '24
(percent)
Improved significantly 1.8
Improved slightly 21.4
No change 71.4
Worsened slightly 5.4
Worsened significantly 0.0

NOTE: 56 responses.

Special Questions Comments

These comments have been edited for publication.

Texas Manufacturing Outlook Survey
Food manufacturing
  • We are able to find people when we need them.
  • After the holidays, our staff tends to be stable for a few months.
  • We are paying the best in benefits and above-average wages with more flex time to retain staff.
Chemical manufacturing
  • Our outlook remains very uncertain. Demand is trending negative for goods, resulting in tightening in spending in most areas.
Fabricated metal product manufacturing
  • This is the lowest [job] application rate we have seen in over 15 years.
  • We are flexing our workforce down through natural attrition. The rate of employee attrition has started to slow.
Machinery manufacturing
  • We are looking to hire machine shop workers with technical expertise. When we offer what they want, they still don’t show up because they are offered more from some other company. We are coming to the point that we will need to buy a machine shop business to get the people we want. This is a very serious consideration now because we can get a fully operating business with the right people and customers.
  • We're seeing more people come through the front door seeking employment. I don't, however, see an increased quality of applicants.
Computer and electronic product manufacturing
  • With tech layoffs fairly broad based, attrition has slowed significantly.
Furniture and related product manufacturing
  • Finding skilled trades is still an enormous difficulty and the number one concern for sustained business growth
Texas Service Sector Outlook Survey
Truck transportation
  • Our truck repair business has slowed down drastically. We're cutting everyone's hours to survive this period.
Publishing industries (except internet)
  • Many job applicants, particularly those in professional roles, still have compensation expectations in line with 2021 packages. However, given the lower availability of capital and greater emphasis on profitability, especially for venture-backed companies like ours, such expectations are now misaligned with what we as a company are willing and able to offer. We suspect some additional time is required for salary expectations to fall into line with what many companies can now absorb, but this misalignment has proved to be an impediment to hiring.
Insurance carriers and related activities
  • It is hard to find the skills we need in the insurance business in our smaller-to-mid-sized city.
Real estate
  • We are actually hearing from a few applicants willing to take less in order to work for us.
Rental and leasing services
  • Until we have the anticipated economic crash, we think younger generations are not going to figure out that they cannot make $100,000 only working remotely from their parents’ home.  
Professional, scientific and technical services
  • Because of the labor shortage, we are retaining workers who exhibit less than optimal performance. Under better labor market conditions, they probably would have been replaced. Remote workers continue to be less productive than in-office personnel. For the employers, accountability is problematic, and the remote arrangement is undesirable and unsustainable in the long run.
  • The availability of quality candidates for our hires in January was surprisingly strong. Over the past year, finding qualified, skilled and motivated candidates has been very difficult.
  • We are not increasing salaries and people are staying. We think they like the work-from-home deal, as we have no office anymore.
  • We are seeing a huge surge in the number of applicants we get from outside the U.S. We don't see that many applicants from the U.S. It seems like engineers are less likely to move jobs right now.
Administrative and support services
  • Revenues have decreased and expenses have increased—not a great combo.
  • We are not hiring for our internal team. We are filling jobs for our client companies and partners.
Personal and laundry services
  • We are still short-staffed with very few people applying for jobs. A trend has emerged since COVID of applicants only wanting to work two to three days a week when a full-time position is needed. We had to remove the $1,000 sign-on bonus offer due to a slowdown in business and because too many people only worked the required 90 days to get the bonus and then quit.
Texas Retail Outlook Survey
Food services and drinking places
  • Training is the strongest factor in our retention program.

Questions regarding the Texas Business Outlook Surveys can be addressed to Emily Kerr at emily.kerr@dal.frb.org.

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