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Surveys

Special Questions

Texas Business Outlook Surveys
January 26, 2025

Special Questions

For this month’s survey, Texas business executives were asked supplemental questions on labor market conditions and capital expenditures. Results below include responses from participants from both the Texas Manufacturing Outlook Survey and Texas Service Sector Outlook Survey.

Texas Business Outlook Surveys

Data were collected January 13-21 and 315 Texas business executives responded to the surveys.

1. Are you currently trying to hire workers?

Forty-four percent of surveyed firms are currently trying to hire, down from 51 percent in July 2025 and representing the lowest share since this question was first posed in 2019.

Chart 1
1a. Are there any impediments to hiring workers? Please select all that apply.

Lack of hard skills among applicants became the top hiring impediment, followed by applicants looking for more pay than offered. Lack of applicants retreated as an obstacle, while the share of respondents citing lack of experience increased.

Chart 1a
2. How has the availability of applicants changed over the past three months?

Availability of applicants improved on net over the past three months, a continuation of the trend since the beginning of 2023.

Chart 2
3. How has your ability to retain workers changed over the past three months?

Worker retention has become easier over the past three months on net, a change from mid-2025, though the majority of firms (66 percent) notes no change in their ability to retain workers.

Chart 3
4. Have changes to immigration policy over the past year impacted your ability to hire and retain foreign-born workers?

Nearly a quarter of firms that employ foreign-born workers reported an impact from immigration policy changes, with the majority saying the impact to overall operations is slight.


Jan. '26
(percent)
Yes, in a way that significantly impacts our overall operations 7.4
Yes, in a way that slightly impacts our overall operations 15.7
No 77.0

NOTES: 217 responses. These calculations exclude the 29.5 percent of respondents selecting “Not applicable.” The survey posed a similar question in July 2025.

5. What are your firm’s expectations for capital expenditures this year compared with last year?

Of the Texas firms surveyed, 46 percent expect growth in capital expenditures this year, exceeding the 20 percent share expecting lower spending. This represents a more positive capital expenditures outlook on net than the prior two years, particularly in the manufacturing sector.

Chart 5
6. In what area(s) is your firm planning to increase capital expenditures this year, if any? Please select all that apply.

Software and computers were most widely cited as areas where firms are planning to increase capital spending this year. Among manufacturers, machinery tops the list.

  Jan. '26
(percent)
Software and software development 29.5
Computers and computer equipment 28.1
Machinery (including repair, maintenance and new purchases) 26.2
Buildings (including upgrades, expansion and new construction) 24.5
Vehicles 12.6
Furniture and fixtures 11.9
Land and land improvements (including roads, parking lots, irrigation, landscaping, etc.) 10.6
Other 5.3
None 30.5

NOTE: 302 responses.

Survey respondents were given the opportunity to also provide comments, which can be found in the Comments tab above.

Texas Manufacturing Outlook Survey

Data were collected January 13-21 and 80 Texas manufacturers responded to the survey.

1. Are you currently trying to hire workers?

Jan. '23
(percent)
Jul. '23
(percent)
Jan. '24
(percent)
Jul. '24
(percent)
Jan. '25
(percent)
Jul. '25
(percent)
Jan. '26
(percent)
Yes 52.0 55.4 46.1 46.2 42.5 43.4 43.0
No 48.0 44.6 53.9 53.8 57.5 56.6 57.0

NOTE: 79 responses.

1a. Are there any impediments to hiring workers? Please select all that apply.

Jan. '23
(percent)
Jul. '23
(percent)
Jan. '24
(percent)
Jul. '24
(percent)
Jan. '25
(percent)
Jul. '25
(percent)
Jan. '26
(percent)
Lack of technical competencies (hard skills) 69.2 60.9 63.4 41.7 52.9 51.5 47.1
Applicants looking for more pay than offered 44.2 45.7 31.7 33.3 35.3 36.4 41.2
Lack of available applicants/no applicants 69.2 56.5 53.7 36.1 35.3 42.4 38.2
Lack of experience 50.0 56.5 39.0 25.0 32.4 27.3 29.4
Lack of workplace competencies (soft skills) 46.2 30.4 29.3 19.4 29.4 24.2 23.5
Inability to pass drug test and/or background check 40.4 23.9 19.5 19.4 20.6 24.2 20.6
Applicants seeking more remote work options than offered  12.2 22.2 20.6 9.1 11.8
Other 1.9 0.0 2.4 5.6 2.9 6.1 2.9
None 1.9 4.3 9.8 16.7 23.5 18.2 23.5

NOTES: 34 responses. This question was only posed to those currently trying to hire workers. “Applicants seeking more remote work options than offered" was added in Jan. ’24.

2. How has the availability of applicants changed over the past three months?

Jan. '23
(percent)
Jul. '23
(percent)
Jan. '24
(percent)
Jul. '24
(percent)
Jan. '25
(percent)
Jul. '25
(percent)
Jan. '26
(percent)
Improved significantly 0.0 4.9 3.4 3.9 1.2 5.4 6.3
Improved slightly 22.9 22.2 25.0 23.7 21.0 23.0 16.5
No change 60.0 65.4 64.8 59.2 69.1 56.8 59.5
Worsened slightly 11.4 7.4 4.5 9.2 7.4 12.2 15.2
Worsened significantly 5.7 0.0 2.3 3.9 1.2 2.7 2.5

NOTES: 79 responses. Prior to July ’25, the question asked about the change over the past month.

3. How has your ability to retain workers changed over the past three months?

Jan. '24
(percent)
Jul. '24
(percent)
Jan. '25
(percent)
Jul. '25
(percent)
Jan. '26
(percent)
Improved significantly 7.9 3.9 6.2 0.0 2.5
Improved slightly 24.7 27.6 19.8 0.0 24.1
No change 59.6 63.2 65.4 90.1 62.0
Worsened slightly 6.7 3.9 8.6 8.5 10.1
Worsened significantly 1.1 1.3 0.0 1.4 1.3

NOTES: 79 responses. Prior to July ’25, the question asked about the change over the past month.

4. Have changes to immigration policy over the past year impacted your ability to hire and retain foreign-born workers?

Jan. '26
(percent)
Yes, in a way that significantly impacts our overall operations 10.5
Yes, in a way that slightly impacts our overall operations 12.3
No 77.2

NOTES: 57 responses. These calculations exclude the 27.8 percent of respondents selecting “Not applicable.” The survey posed a similar question in July 2025.

5. What are your firm’s expectations for capital expenditures this year compared with last year?
  Jun. '23
(percent)
Jun. '24
(percent)
Jun. '25
(percent)
Jan. '26
(percent)
Significantly higher 13.6 16.0 8.3 10.1
Slightly higher 27.2 27.2 36.1 44.3
No change 30.9 25.9 23.6 24.1
Slightly lower 12.3 11.1 15.3 10.1
Significantly lower 16.0 19.8 16.7 11.4

NOTE: 79 responses.

6. In what area(s) is your firm planning to increase capital expenditures this year, if any? Please select all that apply.
  Jan. '26
(percent)
Machinery (including repair, maintenance and new purchases) 51.3
Buildings (including upgrades, expansion and new construction) 26.9
Computers and computer equipment 24.4
Software and software development 20.5
Land and land improvements (including roads, parking lots, irrigation, landscaping, etc.) 10.3
Vehicles 10.3
Furniture and fixtures 6.4
Other 5.1
None 25.6

NOTE: 78 responses.

Survey respondents were given the opportunity to also provide comments, which can be found in the Comments tab above.

Texas Service Sector Outlook Survey

Data were collected January 13-21 and 235 Texas business executives responded to the surveys.

1. Are you currently trying to hire workers?

Jan. '23
(percent)
Jul. '23
(percent)
Jan. '24
(percent)
Jul. '24
(percent)
Jan. '25
(percent)
Jul. '25
(percent)
Jan. '26
(percent)
Yes 49.2 51.3 48.6 50.4 49.0 53.7 44.8
No 50.8 48.7 51.4 49.6 51.0 46.3 55.2

NOTE: 232 responses.

1a. Are there any impediments to hiring workers? Please select all that apply.

Jan. '23
(percent)
Jul. '23
(percent)
Jan. '24
(percent)
Jul. '24
(percent)
Jan. '25
(percent)
Jul. '25
(percent)
Jan. '26
(percent)
Lack of technical competencies (hard skills) 44.2 43.9 40.2 32.5 35.0 36.6 43.6
Lack of available applicants/no applicants 70.1 54.7 47.7 42.9 47.5 42.7 39.6
Applicants looking for more pay than offered 53.2 57.6 47.0 40.5 35.0 37.4 39.6
Lack of experience 40.3 40.3 28.0 34.1 21.7 29.0 35.6
Applicants seeking more remote work options than offered  20.5 31.0 25.8 22.1 24.8
Lack of workplace competencies (soft skills) 29.9 26.6 21.2 28.6 25.0 29.0 19.8
Inability to pass drug test and/or background check 16.2 16.5 18.2 14.3 12.5 16.8 9.9
Other 5.8 5.0 6.1 5.6 5.8 2.3 4.0
None 4.5 5.8 12.9 7.9 14.2 12.2 14.9

NOTES: 101 responses. This question was only posed to those currently trying to hire workers. “Applicants seeking more remote work options than offered" was added in Jan. ’24.

2. How has the availability of applicants changed over the past three months?

Jan. '23
(percent)
Jul. '23
(percent)
Jan. '24
(percent)
Jul. '24
(percent)
Jan. '25
(percent)
Jul. '25
(percent)
Jan. '26
(percent)
Improved significantly 0.9 4.0 3.4 2.8 2.1 4.1 5.7
Improved slightly 30.6 23.2 21.8 21.8 22.4 22.5 19.2
No change 53.7 60.9 65.8 67.7 69.7 61.5 66.4
Worsened slightly 11.1 10.1 8.6 6.9 5.8 9.8 7.4
Worsened significantly 3.7 1.8 0.4 0.8 0.0 2.0 1.3

NOTES: 229 responses. Prior to July ’25, the question asked about the change over the past month.

3. How has your ability to retain workers changed over the past three months?

Jan. '24
(percent)
Jul. '24
(percent)
Jan. '25
(percent)
Jul. '25
(percent)
Jan. '26
(percent)
Improved significantly 2.2 2.8 3.7 0.8 3.5
Improved slightly 23.8 19.0 15.0 2.1 19.3
No change 67.8 67.7 73.6 82.6 68.0
Worsened slightly 5.5 9.7 6.5 9.1 7.9
Worsened significantly 0.7 0.8 1.2 5.4 1.3

NOTES: 228 responses. Prior to July ’25, the question asked about the change over the past month.

4. Have changes to immigration policy over the past year impacted your ability to hire and retain foreign-born workers?

Jan. '26
(percent)
Yes, in a way that significantly impacts our overall operations 6.3
Yes, in a way that slightly impacts our overall operations 16.9
No 76.9

NOTES: 160 responses. These calculations exclude the 30.1 percent of respondents selecting “Not applicable.” The survey posed a similar question in July 2025.

5. What are your firm’s expectations for capital expenditures this year compared with last year?
  Jun. '23
(percent)
Jun. '24
(percent)
Jun. '25
(percent)
Jan. '26
(percent)
Significantly higher 9.8 7.5 5.5 8.2
Slightly higher 26.9 27.4 30.1 35.5
No change 38.9 39.7 45.3 36.8
Slightly lower 16.0 16.3 11.0 13.0
Significantly lower 8.4 9.1 8.1 6.5

NOTE: 231 responses.

6. In what area(s) is your firm planning to increase capital expenditures this year, if any? Please select all that apply.
  Jan. '26
(percent)
Software and software development 32.6
Computers and computer equipment 29.5
Buildings (including upgrades, expansion and new construction) 23.7
Machinery (including repair, maintenance and new purchases) 17.4
Furniture and fixtures 13.8
Vehicles 13.4
Land and land improvements (including roads, parking lots, irrigation, landscaping, etc.) 10.7
Other 5.4
None 32.1

NOTE: 224 responses.

Survey respondents were given the opportunity to also provide comments, which can be found in the Comments tab above.

Special Questions Comments

Survey participants are given the opportunity to submit comments. Some comments have been edited for grammar and clarity.

Texas Manufacturing Outlook Survey
Computer and electronic product manufacturing
  • We have a handful of employees with temporary work authorization. They have to renew these regularly, and this process is taking longer than it used to. This causes some uncertainty for them and for us. We don’t want to lose good employees, but we can’t keep them if their authorization expires because the government doesn’t renew their work authorization in a timely manner.
Fabricated metal product manufacturing
  • We cannot make any plans with tariffs changing from day to day. Even the uncertainty is causing us to freeze on any plans.
  • We still are reluctant to make any significant upgrades and improvements with the current new order stagnation except for required capital maintenance.
Machinery manufacturing
  • Good people that fit our culture are hard to find. When we do find them, we keep them. In some cases, however, our pay scale has been just a little short of what the candidates were seeking. Ultimately, we’ve missed out on a couple of potentially great hires that simply thought more highly of themselves than we were able to compensate.
  • This is the first year that we have increased our purchases for new equipment. However, this equipment will increase our production without increasing employment requirements. Once the machine is programmed it can run on its own 24/7.
Primary metal manufacturing
  • We are optimistic that our industry tariff problems will be fixed, resulting in more capital projects being started. We are a very capital-intensive business that requires capital upgrades to our equipment on a regular basis.
  • Capital is focused on adding new product capabilities.
Printing and related support activities
  • We have pulled in our horns and are not spending money unless we have to. Additional capital expenditures are definitely not in the plans at this time.
Transportation equipment manufacturing
  • Hiring machinists, technicians and engineers is the easiest it’s been in many years due to contraction in the oil patch, which does not seem to be changing.
Texas Service Sector Outlook Survey
Credit intermediation and related activities
  • Enhancements to data processing and technology will contribute to increased capital cost.
Personal and laundry services
  • Wage pressure and increasing operating expenses are forcing me to raise prices on customers. I hate doing this. I am working on increasing prices next month by 14.6 percent just to absorb increasing inflation over the years. My last price increase was November 2022.
Professional, scientific and technical services
  • We are looking to spend more on AI, both software and employees.
  • Our company is expecting better 2026 revenue and profit numbers compared to 2025.
  • There are signs of a booming economy for 2026. Lots of projects and teeming inquiries. We are a 20-person architecture firm, and we currently have lots of projects on the board and are expecting more in the near future. We would like to add staff, but we still do not have a pool of experienced applicants to draw upon. This is a real constraint to our growth.
  • Our revenue is not allowing raises for employees.
  • We are planning a move, so the capital spending is required rather than optional.
  • Heavy investment in AI to keep up with competition.
  • We have been much more successful in hiring structural engineers in the last 12 months than the three years prior. Our issue now is drafting technicians. There seems to be a real shortage of experienced BIM [building information modeling] drafters.
  • As a sole proprietorship that is dependent upon the capital spending of others, I will not be upgrading or replacing any electronic equipment such as computers unless there is a total failure of a unit.
Real estate
  • While others are fearful, we plan to double down on growing our business.
Support activities for transportation
  • Thousands of transportation workers were let go in the month of December, as many more trucking companies closed their doors or filed for bankruptcy.
Truck transportation
  • Too much U.S. and global uncertainty is affecting a very sensitive supply chain still in recovery mode.
Utilities
  • We believe that general business activity is picking up. Consumers are a little tight with their money.

Questions regarding the Texas Business Outlook Surveys can be addressed to Emily Kerr at emily.kerr@dal.frb.org.

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