Working Papers
The Impacts of Unauthorized Immigration on U.S. Labor and Housing Markets: New Evidence from Administrative Microdata
From early 2021 to early 2024, the U.S. experienced an unprecedented boom in unauthorized immigration, followed by a rapid slowdown beginning in mid-2024. This paper provides the first systematic empirical assessment of the labor- and housing-market effects of this episode.
March 23, 2026
Dallas Fed Economics
New data show intensifying unauthorized immigration decline, with large local variations
A sudden reversal in U.S. net unauthorized immigration has important implications for the demographic outlook, labor force participation, employment growth and local labor markets.
January 13, 2026
Southwest Economy
Immigration crackdown likely contributing to weak Texas job growth
Findings from the Dallas Fed Texas Business Outlook Surveys (TBOS) suggest immigration policy changes will negatively affect the ability to hire and retain foreign-born workers at one in five Texas businesses this year.
October 17, 2025
Dallas Fed Economics
Break-even employment declined after immigration changes
Recent employment reports show U.S. payroll employment growth has cooled from its torrid pace in previous years, raising the question of whether this signals a healthy rebalancing or the start of a concerning slowdown.
October 09, 2025
El Paso
El Paso navigates new complexities in international economy
On President Lorie Logan’s second visit to El Paso as part of her 360 Listening Tour, she heard from business and community leaders about key issues for the Borderplex region, including immigration, trade and water.
July 16, 2025
Dallas Fed Economics
Declining immigration weighs on GDP growth, with little impact on inflation
In Depth: Unauthorized immigration surged sharply in 2021–24 but has since declined abruptly with negative implications for economic growth.
July 08, 2025
Speeches and essays
Welcome remarks for the Outlook for North American Trade and Immigration conference
This conversation comes at a pivotal time as governments adjust trade, immigration and other policies.
April 10, 2025
Outlook for North American Trade and Immigration
Tariffs, immigration and nearshoring are the current defining topics for the U.S.–Mexico relationship. The Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas and the Peterson Institute for International Economics hosted this conference on the economic outlook for North America through the lens of these issues.
April 10, 2025
Dallas Fed Economics
Texas economic outlook downbeat as uncertainty increases
The Texas economy grew slightly below trend through the first quarter of 2025. While job growth appears just off its long-term annual trend rate of about 2.1 percent, the Dallas Fed Texas Business Outlook Surveys (TBOS) point to slowing activity in both the services and manufacturing sectors.
April 03, 2025
Even a ‘miracle’ needs a safety net: Texas leads in growth, lags elsewhere
While experiencing exceptional economic growth over the past decade, data show that Texas is last or lagging the nation in several key areas.
March 25, 2025