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Energy

  • Renewable energy jobs surge, though data differ on where and by how much

    Better understanding of the workforce implications of rising electricity demand, particularly at the state and local levels, is critical to planning and anticipating its economic and policy impacts.

  • Middle East geopolitical risk modestly affects inflation and inflation expectations

    In Depth: While hostilities between Iran and Israel ended quickly in June 2025 without a major oil supply disruption, it is worthwhile to explore the impact on inflation and inflation expectations if this geopolitical event had turned out differently.

  • Research Department Working Papers

    Pollution Taxes and Clean Subsidies in an Open Economy

    This paper shows that the same conditions that lead to pollution leakage enhance the efficacy of clean subsidies.

  • Second quarter 2025

    Permian Basin Economic Indicators

    Employment in the Permian Basin grew in the second quarter. Meanwhile, the unemployment rate in the region decreased slightly from the first quarter 2025. Home sales increased, while the median price of homes sold was flat.

  • Low oil prices, local impact: Do depressed energy markets affect banks?

    Oil prices have swung dramatically in recent years, shaped by geopolitical conflicts, evolving global demand and shifting energy policies.

  • Research Department Working Papers

    Time-Limited Subsidies: Optimal Taxation with Implications for Renewable Energy Subsidies

    Pigouvian subsidies are efficient, but output subsidies with uncertain or limited durations are not Pigouvian. This paper shows that optimal “time-limited” policies must also subsidize investment to correct externalities generated after the output subsidy ends.

  • Energy Indicators

    Production from OPEC+ member countries is increasing. That’s keeping downward pressure on oil prices, tempering the impact of recent attacks on Iran by Israel and the United States.

  • Surveys

    Oil and gas activity contracts slightly as uncertainty remains elevated

    Activity in the oil and gas sector contracted slightly in the second quarter of 2025, according to oil and gas executives responding to the Dallas Fed Energy Survey.

  • Energy Indicators

    Retail gasoline and diesel prices continue to decline. Motor gasoline consumption remains in line with historic trends, and distillate fuel consumption dipped significantly in the first half of 2025. Natural gas liquids production continues to grow, as do exports.

  • Energy Indicators

    Texas solar power generation grew faster compared to other fuel types in 2024, although natural gas and wind generation continue to make up the highest shares of Texas’ electricity grid.